Governmental Employment and Payrolls statistics

[Employees in thousands (13,028 represents 13,028,000), payroll in millions of dollars (8,334 represents $8,334,000,000). For 1970 to 1995 as of October; 1997 as of March. 1996 data are not available. Covers both full-time and part-time employees. Local government data are estimates subject to sampling variation; see appendex III and source].



Type of government	1970	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1997	1998	1999	2000


Employees (1,000)
Total	13,028	16,213	15,968	15,841	16,034	16,436	16,690	16,933	17,281	17,212	17,588	17,879	18,369	18,554	18,745	18,823	19,420	19,521	19,540	19,854
Federal (civilian) ¹	2,881	2,898	2,865	2,848	2,875	2,942	3,021	3,019	3,091	3,091	3,112	3,114	3,105	3,103	3,047	2,999	2,952	2,895	2,807	2,765
State and local	10,147	13,315	13,103	12,993	13,159	13,494	13,669	13,913	14,190	14,121	14,476	14,765	15,263	15,452	15,698	15,824	16,468	16,626	16,733	17,089
Percent of total	78	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	82	83	83	83	84	84	85	85	86	86
State	2,755	3,753	3,726	3,744	3,816	3,898	3,984	4,068	4,115	4,116	4,236	4,365	4,503	4,521	4,595	4,673	4,694	4,719	4,733	4,758
Local	7,392	9,562	9,377	9,249	9,344	9,595	9,685	9,846	10,076	10,005	10,240	10,400	10,760	10,930	11,103	11,151	11,775	11,906	12,000	12,271
Counties	1,229	1,853	1,808	1,824	1,811	1,872	1,891	1,926	1,963	1,963	2,024	2,085	2,167	2,196	2,253	2,270	(NA)	(NA)	2,425	(NA)
Municipalities	2,244	2,561	2,469	2,397	2,424	2,434	2,467	2,494	2,541	2,493	2,570	2,569	2,642	2,662	2,665	2,644	(NA)	(NA)	2,755	(NA)
School districts	3,316	4,270	4,222	4,194	4,211	4,387	4,416	4,502	4,620	4,627	4,679	4,774	4,950	5,045	5,134	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	455	(NA)
Townships	330	394	386	356	379	386	392	400	414	393	415	405	418	415	424	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	5,675	(NA)
Special districts	275	484	492	478	519	516	519	524	537	529	552	568	585	612	627	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	691	(NA)

OCTOBER PAYROLLS
(Mil. dol.)

Total	8,334	19,935	21,193	23,173	24,525	26,904	28,945	30,670	32,382	32,669	34,203	36,763	39,228	41,237	43,120	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	49,156	51,568
Federal (civilian) ¹	2,428	5,205	5,239	5,959	6,301	7,137	7,580	7,561	7,924	7,924	7,976	8,636	8,999	9,687	9,937	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	9,744	10,115
State and local	5,906	14,730	15,954	17,214	18,224	19,767	21,365	23,109	24,458	24,745	26,227	28,127	30,229	31,551	33,183	34,540	36,545	37,714	39,412	41,453
Percent of total	71	74	75	74	74	74	74	75	76	76	77	77	77	77	77	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	80	80
State	1,612	4,285	4,668	5,022	5,346	5,815	6,329	6,810	7,298	7,263	7,842	8,443	9,083	9,437	9,828	10,288	10,666	10,927	11,413	11,845
Local	4,294	10,445	11,287	12,192	12,878	13,952	15,036	16,298	17,160	17,482	18,385	19,684	21,146	22,113	23,355	24,252	25,878	26,787	27,999	29,608
Counties	640	1,936	2,083	2,287	2,387	2,596	2,819	3,009	3,258	3,270	3,532	3,855	4,192	4,404	4,698	4,839	(NA)	(NA)	5,750	(NA)
Municipalities	1,361	2,951	3,222	3,428	3,640	3,872	4,191	4,407	4,687	4,770	4,979	5,274	5,564	5,784	6,207	6,328	(NA)	(NA)	7,146	(NA)
School districts	2,032	4,683	5,021	5,442	5,729	6,283	6,746	7,517	7,768	7,961	8,298	8,852	9,551	9,975	10,394	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	869	(NA)
Townships	122	330	349	370	398	421	446	474	508	522	556	599	642	664	685	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	12,579	(NA)
Special districts	140	546	612	665	724	780	834	892	938	959	1,020	1,104	1,197	1,287	1,370	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	1,654	(NA)

NA Not available.
1 Includes employees outside the United States.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Historical Statistics on Governmental Finances and Employment, and Public Employment, series GE, No. 1, annual.

http://www.census.gov/govs/www/apes.html * DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF SELECTED TERMS

GOVERNMENT UNITS AND TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS

Government units. A government is an organized entity whose governmental character is evidenced by popular election of the officials or their appointment by public officials, a high degree of public accountability, and the power to raise revenue to provide authorized services. In addition, a government unit must have sufficient discretion in the management of its own affairs to distinguish it from the administrative structure of any
other government unit.1

Federal Government. The term Federal encompasses all civilian employees and payrolls of the U.S. Government, including the legislative and judicial branches and all departments and independent agencies of the executive branch. Excluded are the uniformed employees and payrolls of the armed forces. District of Columbia data are excluded from this category and included with data for municipalities.

State governments. This category refers to the governments of the 50 states which constitute the United States. The state government in each case consists of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and all departments, boards, commissions, institutions of higher education, and other organizational units. It also includes any semi-autonomous authorities , districts, and other agencies that are subject to administrative and fiscal control by the state through its appointment of officers, determination of budgets, approval of plans, and other devices.

Local governments. The Bureau of the Census classifies local governments by five major types -- county, municipal, township, school district, and special district. Following is a brief discussion of each type of local government:

County -- Organized county governments are found throughout the Nation except in Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Rhode Island, and limited portions of a few other states. These governments are legally designated as "boroughs" in Alaska and "parishes" in Louisiana. Excluded from county government statistics and included with municipalities or townships are certain local governments that combine area and governmental characteristics of both counties and municipalities or townships.

Municipal -- A municipality is a political subdivision within which a municipal corporation has been established to provide general local government services for a specific population concentration in a defined area. A municipality may be legally termed a city, village, borough (except in Alaska), or town (except in the six New England States, Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin). Included in this category are certain cities that are completely or substantially consolidated with their county governments, operate outside the geographic limits of any county, or for other reasons have no organized county government operations within their boundaries. Comprising this group are the following cities: Anaconda (MT), Anchorage (AK), Athens (GA), Baltimore (MD), Baton Rouge (LA), Boston (MA), Butte (MT), Carson City (NV), Columbus (GA), Denver (CO), Honolulu (HI), Houma (LA), Indianapolis (IN), Jacksonville (FL), Juneau (AK), Lexington (KY), Lynchburg (TN), Nashville (TN), New Orleans (LA), New York (NY), Philadelphia (PA), St. Louis (MO), Sitka (AK), San Francisco (CA), and Washington, DC, as well as the "independent cities" in Virginia. Nantucket, MA is included with townships.

Township -- Township governments, as distinguished from municipalities, are created to serve inhabitants of areas defined without regard to population concentration. This classification is applied to local governments in 20 states, including government units officially designated "towns" in the six New England states, New York, and Wisconsin; some "plantations" in Maine; and "locations" in New Hampshire. In Minnesota, the terms "town" and "township" are used interchangeably with reference to township governments.

School district -- There is a marked organizational diversity in the types of government units that provide for the operation of public schools. School districts, which are government entities that are fiscally and administratively independent of any other government, are found in all but five States (Alaska, Hawaii, Maryland, North Carolina, and Virginia) and the District of Columbia. Dependent school systems are administrative agencies of other governments (State, county, municipal, or township) and are not counted as separate government entities by the Bureau of the Census. Dependent school systems are found exclusively in the District of Columbia and the five states noted above and also exist in 12 other states.

Special district -- Special districts are local government units created to provide specific services that are not being supplied by other governments. These government units are known by a variety of titles including districts, authorities, boards, and commissions. A majority of special districts are established to perform a single function, but some have been given authority to provide several, usually related, kinds of services.

SUBJECT MATTER CONCEPTS

Employment and employees. Employment refers to all persons gainfully employed by and performing services for a government. Employees include all persons paid for personal services performed, including persons paid from Federally funded programs, paid elected or appointed officials, persons in a paid leave status, and persons paid on a per meeting, annual, semiannual, or quarterly basis. Unpaid officials, pensioners, persons whose work is performed on a fee basis, and contractors and their employees are excluded from the count of employees. Full-time employees are defined to include those persons whose hours of work represent full-time employment in their employer government; part-time employees are those persons who work less than the standard number of hours for full-time work in their employer government.

Full-time equivalent employment. A computed statistic representing the number of full-time employees that could have been employed if the reported number of hours worked by part-time employees had been worked by full-time employees. This statistic is calculated separately for each function of a government by dividing the "part-time hours paid" by the standard number of hours for full-time employees in the particular government and then adding the resulting quotient to the number of full-time employees.

October payroll. Payroll amounts represent gross payrolls for the 1-month period of October (31 days). The gross payroll includes all salaries, wages, fees, commissions, bonuses, or awards paid to employees during the pay period which included the date of October 12. Payroll amounts reported for a period other than 1 month were converted to represent an amount for the month of October.

*

http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/524_governmental_employment_and_payrolls.html

These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.

Copyright © 2006 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.