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40. Persons 65 Years Old and Over--Characteristics, by Sex

[As of March, except as noted (19.9 represents 19,900,000). Covers civilian noninstitutional population, except 1970 includes institutional population. Excludes members of Armed Forces except those living off post or with their families on post. Data for 1980-93 are based on 1980 census population controls; beginning 1994, based on 1990 census population controls. Based on Current Population Survey; see text, this section, and Appendix III]

                                                               
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL MALE MALE MALE MALE MALE FEMALE FEMALE FEMALE FEMALE FEMALE
                                                                                                           
           CHARACTERISTIC 1970 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1970 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1970 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
                                                                   
    Total (million) 19.9 24.2 26.8 29.6 30.9 30.8 31.7 32.0 31.9 32.1 32.4 8.3 9.9 11.0 12.3 12.8 12.7 13.2 13.4 13.4 13.5 13.7 11.5 14.2 15.8 17.2 18.0 18.0 18.5 18.7 18.5 18.6 18.7
 
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
 
Marital status:
  Never married 7.6 5.5 5.2 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.8 7.5 4.9 5.3 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 7.7 5.9 5.1 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.0
  Married 51.3 55.4 55.2 56.1 56.6 57.0 56.9 56.3 55.6 56.6 57.7 73.1 78.0 77.2 76.5 76.8 77.2 77.0 75.6 74.2 75.1 75.9 35.6 39.5 39.9 41.4 42.2 42.8 42.5 42.6 42.1 42.9 44.3
    Spouse present 49.0 53.6 53.4 54.1 54.7 55.1 54.7 54.1 53.3 54.2 55.3 69.9 76.1 75.0 74.2 74.6 75.1 74.5 73.2 71.8 72.6 73.6 33.9 37.9 38.3 39.7 40.6 41.0 40.6 40.4 39.9 40.7 41.8
    Spouse absent 2.3 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 3.2 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.5
  Widowed 38.8 35.7 35.6 34.2 33.7 32.9 33.2 33.3 33.4 32.5 31.8 17.1 13.5 13.8 14.2 14.3 13.1 13.5 14.7 15.7 14.9 14.0 54.4 51.2 50.7 48.6 47.6 46.9 47.3 46.8 46.3 45.2 44.9
  Divorced 2.3 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.7 6.4 6.8 6.7 6.7 2.3 3.6 3.7 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.2 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.5 2.3 3.4 4.3 5.1 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 7.4 7.1 6.8
 
Family status:
  In families 1 67.1 67.6 67.3 66.7 67.5 67.5 66.6 66.6 67.2 66.8 67.3 79.2 83.0 82.4 81.9 81.6 81.3 80.6 79.9 79.6 79.6 80.4 58.5 56.8 56.7 55.8 57.4 57.8 56.7 57.0 56.8 57.5 57.7
  Nonfamily householders 26.6 31.2 31.1 31.9 31.2 31.2 32.4 32.2 32.2 31.9 31.2 14.9 15.7 15.4 16.6 16.4 17.1 18.4 18.5 18.4 18.4 17.5 35.2 42.0 42.1 42.8 41.7 41.1 42.4 42.0 42.2 41.7 41.2
  Secondary individuals 2.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 2.4 1.3 2.2 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0
  Residents of institutions 4.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 3.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
 
Living arrangements:
  Living in household 95.2 99.8 99.6 99.7 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.5 99.9 99.5 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 99.7 99.6 99.5 99.9 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
    Living alone 25.5 30.3 30.2 31.0 30.3 30.2 31.5 31.1 31.2 30.9 30.0 14.1 14.9 14.7 15.7 15.5 16.0 17.3 17.4 17.3 17.3 16.4 33.8 41.0 41.1 42.0 40.8 40.2 41.7 40.9 41.2 40.8 40.1
    Spouse present 49.0 53.6 53.4 54.1 54.0 55.1 54.7 54.1 53.5 54.2 55.3 69.9 76.1 75.0 74.3 73.7 75.1 74.5 73.2 71.8 72.6 73.6 33.9 37.9 38.3 39.7 40.1 41.0 40.6 40.4 39.9 40.7 41.8
    Living with someone else 20.7 15.9 15.9 14.6 15.5 14.6 13.7 14.8 15.3 14.9 14.7 11.5 8.9 9.8 9.9 10.7 8.8 8.1 9.4 10.9 10.0 10.0 27.4 20.8 20.2 17.8 19.0 18.6 17.6 18.7 18.9 18.4 18.1
  Not in household 2 4.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0 0 0 4.5 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0 0 5.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 0 0
 
Years of school completed:
  8 years or less 58.3 43.1 35.4 28.5 24.1 22.3 21.0 19.4 18.8 18.1 17.6 61.5 45.3 37.2 30.0 25.0 23.3 22.0 20.3 19.5 18.3 18.3 56.1 41.6 34.1 27.5 23.5 21.5 20.3 18.8 18.3 17.9 17.1
  1-3 years of high school 13.4 16.2 16.5 16.1 3 15.6 3 15.4 3 15.2 3 15.7 3 15.7 3 14.9 3 14.3 12.6 15.5 15.7 15.7 3 14.9 3 14.4 3 14.5 3 14.3 3 14.6 3 14.1 3 12.9 13.9 16.7 17.0 16.4 3 16.1 3 16.0 3 15.6 3 16.7 3 16.4 3 15.4 3 15.4
  4 years of high school 15.7 24.0 29.0 32.9 4 34.2 4 34.1 4 33.8 4 33.9 4 34.3 4 35.0 4 34.9 12.5 21.4 26.4 29.0 4 29.7 4 29.3 4 29.2 4 29.4 4 29.6 4 30.2 4 29.9 18.1 25.8 30.7 35.6 4 37.4 4 37.6 4 37.1 4 37.2 4 37.7 4 38.4 4 38.5
  1-3 years of college 6.2 8.2 9.8 10.9 5 14.1 5 15.8 5 17.1 5 17.0 5 16.5 5 17.2 5 17.8 5.6 7.5 9.1 10.8 5 14.3 5 16.4 5 17.1 5 17.1 5 16.3 5 17.6 5 18.1 6.7 8.6 10.3 11.0 5 13.9 5 15.3 5 17.0 5 16.9 5 16.6 5 17.0 5 17.7
  4 years or more of college 6.3 8.6 9.4 11.6 6 12.0 6 12.5 6 13.0 6 13.9 6 14.8 6 14.8 6 15.3 7.9 10.3 11.5 14.5 6 16.1 6 16.7 6 17.2 6 18.9 6 19.9 6 19.8 6 20.9 5.2 7.4 8.0 9.5 6 9.0 6 9.5 6 9.9 6 10.4 6 11.1 6 11.2 6 11.3
 
Labor force participation: 7
  Employed 16.4 12.2 10.4 11.5 10.9 11.9 11.7 11.6 11.8 11.6 12.0 25.9 18.4 15.3 15.9 15.1 16.2 16.1 16.3 16.5 15.9 16.4 9.4 7.8 7.0 8.4 7.9 8.8 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.7
  Unemployed 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
  Not in labor force 83.0 87.5 89.2 88.1 88.7 87.6 87.9 87.9 87.8 88.1 87.7 73.2 81.0 84.2 83.6 84.4 83.1 83.2 83.1 82.9 83.5 83.1 90.3 91.9 92.7 91.3 91.8 90.8 91.2 91.4 91.4 91.4 91.1
 
Percent below poverty level 8 25.3 15.2 12.4 11.4 12.9 12.2 11.7 10.5 10.8 10.5 10.5 20.2 11.1 8.7 7.8 8.8 7.9 7.2 6.2 6.8 7.0 7.2 29.2 17.9 15.0 13.9 15.8 15.2 14.9 13.6 13.6 13.1 12.8
NA Not available.
1 Beginning 1980, excludes those living in unrelated subfamilies.
2 In institutions (1970) and other group quarters.
3 Represents those who completed 9th to 12th grade, but have no high school diploma.
4 High school graduate.
5 Some college or associate degree.
6 Bachelor's or advanced degree.
7 Annual averages of monthly figures. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, January issues. Data beginning 1990, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 1999 not directly comparable with data for earlier years. See text, Section 13, Labor Force and February 1994, March 1996, February 1997, and subsequent February issues of Employment and Earnings.
8 Poverty status based on income in preceding year.

Source: Except as noted, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P20-514, and earlier reports; series P-23, No. 59; series P-60, No. 207 and unpublished data.

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