State and Federal Correctional Facilities -- Inmates and Staff statistics

[Covers all state and Federal correctional institutions or places of confinement such as prisons, prison farms, boot camps, and community based halfway houses and work release centers. Excludes jails and other regional detention centers, private facilities, facilities for the military, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Marshall Service, and correctional hospital wards not operated by correctional authorities. For description of census and terms, see below table]


			Percent
Characteristic	1990	1995	change,
			1990-95

FACILITIES

Total facilities.........................................................	1,287	1,500	16.6

Type of facility:
Confinement .........................................................	1,037	1,196	15.3
Community.........................................................	250	304	21.6

Federal.........................................................	80	125	56.3
State.........................................................	1,207	1,375	13.9

Size of facility:
Fewer than 500 inmates.........................................................	816	854	4.7
500-999 inmates.........................................................	260	286	10.0
1,000-2,499 inmates.........................................................	185	306	65.4
2,500 or more inmates.........................................................	26	54	107.7

Age of facility:
Less than 10 years.........................................................	314	497	58.3
10-19 years old.........................................................	163	273	67.5
20-49 years old.........................................................	373	366	-1.9
50-99 years old.........................................................	379	310	-18.2
100 years old or more.........................................................	58	45	-22.4
Not reported.........................................................	0	9	(X)

INMATES

Total inmates.........................................................	715,649	1,023,572	43.0

Male.........................................................	675,624	961,210	42.3
Female.........................................................	40,025	62,362	55.8

Type of facility:
Confinement.........................................................	698,570	992,333	42.1
Community.........................................................	17,079	31,239	82.9

Federal.........................................................	56,821	81,930	44.2
State.........................................................	658,828	941,642	42.9

Custody level:
Maximum/close/high.........................................................	150,205	202,174	34.6
Medium.........................................................	292,372	415,688	42.2
Minimum/low.........................................................	219,907	366,227	66.5
Not classified.........................................................	53,165	39,483	-25.7

STAFF

Total staff.........................................................	264,201	347,320	31.5

Federal.........................................................	18,451	25,379	37.5
State.........................................................	245,750	321,941	31.0

Custody/Security staff.........................................................	169,587	220,892	30.3

INMATES PER EMPLOYEE

All staff.........................................................	2.7	2.9	7.4
Custody/Security staff.........................................................	4.2	4.6	9.5

Source: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1995, series NCJ 166582.

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/correct.htm

* Terms

Confinement institutions are facilities in which less than 50% of the inmates are regularly permitted to leave the premises unaccompanied by staff. Community-based institutions are facilities in which 50% or more of the inmates are regularly permitted to leave the premises unaccompanied. Confinement facilities include institutions for general adult population confinement: boot camps; reception, diagnosis, and classification centers; prison hospitals; alcohol and drug treatment centers; and youthful offender facilities.

Community-based facilities include halfway houses, restitution centers, and prerelease, work release, and study release centers

* Methodology

The 1995 Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities was the fifth enumeration of State institutions and the second of Federal institutions sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Earlier censuses were completed in 1974, 1979, 1984, and 1990.

The facility universe was developed from the Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities conducted in 1990. Each department of corrections was contacted to identify new facilities and facilities that had been closed since June 30, 1990. Telephone follow-ups with data providers were carried out in the fall of 1995 and resulted in a final response rate of 100%.

Facilities were included in the census if they were staffed with Federal, State, local, or private employees; housed primarily State or Federal prisoners; were physically, functionally, and administratively separate from other facilities; and were operational on June 30, 1995. The census also included 110 private facilities under exclusive contract to State governments or to the Federal Bureau of Prisons to house prisoners.

The Census included the following types of State and Federal adult correctional facilities: prisons; prison farms; reception, diagnostic and classification centers; road camps; forestry and conservation camps; youthful offender facilities (except in California); vocational training facilities; drug and alcohol treatment facilities; and State-operated local detention facilities in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont. (Of these six States only Alaska had some locally administered correctional facilities _ five local jails.)

Jails and other local regional detention facilities, including those housing State prisoners, were specifically excluded from the census, as were private facilities not exclusively for State or Federal inmates. Also excluded were facilities for the military, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Marshals Service, and correctional hospital wards not operated by correctional authorities.

Correctional facilities were classified as community-based if 50% or more of the residents were regularly permitted to leave, unaccompanied, to work or study. These facilities included halfway houses, restitution centers, and prerelease, work release, and study release centers. Correctional facilities in which less than 50% of the inmates regularly left the facility unaccompanied were classified as confinement institutions.

Because the census was a complete enumeration the results were not subject to sampling error. The census counted prisoners held in the facilities, a custody count, rather than prisoners over whom correctional authorities exercised control, a jurisdictional count.

*

http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/368_state_and_federal_correctional_facilities_inmates.html

These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.

Copyright © 2006 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.