Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries, by State statistics

[In dollars, except as indicated. Based on data from establishment reports. Includes all full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period reported. Excludes proprietors, the self-employed, farm workers, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and Armed Forces. Based on the Current Employment Statistics Program; see Appendix III and summary below table]



State	OFFICE	FIPS	FIPS	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999
	ABBREV-	CODE	CODE

Average Hourly Earnings

United States..	US	00000	00	7.27	7.99	8.49	8.83	9.18	9.54	9.73	9.91	10.19	10.48	10.83	11.18	11.46	11.74	12.07	12.37	12.78	13.17	13.49	13.91

Alabama..	AL	01000	01	6.49	7.01	7.33	7.58	7.97	8.48	8.64	8.76	8.95	9.10	9.39	9.72	9.99	10.35	10.75	11.14	11.55	11.86	12.11	12.53
Alaska.	AK	02000	02	10.22	11.42	11.74	12.34	12.25	12.19	11.62	11.79	11.98	12.01	12.46	11.40	10.75	11.14	10.96	11.00	11.14	11.78	11.09	12.10
Arizona..	AZ	04000	04	7.29	8.02	8.73	8.99	9.09	9.48	9.88	9.97	9.85	9.92	10.21	10.70	10.96	11.06	11.17	11.16	11.49	11.67	12.17	12.69
Arkansas..	AR	05000	05	5.71	6.26	6.69	7.05	7.31	7.57	7.76	7.88	8.07	8.26	8.51	8.81	9.05	9.36	9.65	10.05	10.41	10.78	11.12	11.55
California..	CA	06000	06	7.70	8.56	9.24	9.52	9.77	10.12	10.36	10.75	10.80	11.16	11.48	11.87	12.19	12.38	12.44	12.55	12.84	13.24	13.66	13.95
Colorado..	CO	08000	08	7.63	8.28	8.63	8.97	9.24	9.52	9.82	10.05	10.38	10.44	10.94	11.33	11.32	12.01	12.26	12.51	12.83	13.31	13.74	14.18
Connecticut..	CT	09000	09	7.08	7.67	8.23	8.76	9.22	9.57	10.07	10.46	10.78	11.21	11.53	11.99	12.46	13.01	13.53	13.71	14.01	14.46	14.83	15.33
Delaware..	DE	10000	10	7.58	8.28	8.64	9.13	9.30	9.86	10.05	10.67	11.49	12.36	12.39	12.20	12.35	13.29	13.92	14.20	14.02	14.81	15.36	15.93
District of Columbia ¹.	DC	11000	11	8.46	8.88	9.37	9.75	10.10	10.48	10.40	10.73	11.10	11.79	12.51	13.05	13.17	13.18	13.46	13.66	13.68	14.05	14.49	15.26
Florida..	FL	12000	12	5.98	6.53	7.02	7.33	7.62	7.86	8.02	8.16	8.39	8.67	8.98	9.30	9.59	9.76	9.97	10.18	10.55	10.95	11.43	11.83
Georgia..	GA	13000	13	5.77	6.37	6.75	7.13	7.58	8.10	8.35	8.49	8.65	8.87	9.17	9.56	9.86	10.09	10.34	10.71	11.19	11.64	12.03	12.50
Hawaii..	HI	15000	15	6.83	7.53	7.97	8.23	8.35	8.65	8.86	9.30	9.84	10.37	10.99	11.39	11.61	11.98	12.22	12.82	12.79	13.11	13.16	13.48
Idaho..	ID	16000	16	7.55	8.23	8.62	8.49	9.34	9.41	9.66	9.75	10.00	10.21	10.60	11.11	11.42	11.88	11.88	11.46	12.15	12.46	12.80	13.40
Illinois..	IL	17000	17	8.02	8.91	9.31	9.70	10.08	10.37	10.67	10.85	10.98	11.21	11.44	11.68	11.84	12.04	12.25	12.64	13.03	13.35	13.75	14.05
Indiana..	IN	18000	18	8.49	(NA)	(NA)	10.10	10.45	(NA)	10.81	(NA)	(NA)	11.70	12.03	12.43	12.79	13.17	13.55	13.91	14.33	14.79	14.97	15.26
Iowa..	IA	19000	19	8.67	9.60	10.01	10.09	10.25	10.32	10.35	10.62	10.56	10.82	11.27	11.62	11.92	12.22	12.45	12.73	13.13	13.57	13.91	14.20
Kansas..	KS	20000	20	7.37	8.05	8.80	9.28	9.40	9.45	9.76	9.97	10.24	10.68	10.94	11.24	11.60	11.99	12.15	12.39	12.88	13.45	13.84	14.44
Kentucky..	KY	21000	21	7.34	7.86	8.38	8.79	9.28	9.53	9.86	10.02	10.16	10.37	10.70	11.00	11.28	11.47	11.81	12.22	12.70	13.17	13.82	14.26
Louisiana..	LA	22000	22	7.74	8.58	9.38	9.79	10.06	10.43	10.60	10.90	10.94	11.13	11.61	11.86	12.19	12.66	13.11	13.43	13.65	14.14	14.63	15.19
Maine..	ME	23000	23	6.00	6.66	7.22	7.61	8.05	8.40	8.65	8.77	9.31	9.92	10.59	11.08	11.40	11.63	11.91	12.39	12.71	13.12	13.49	13.97
Maryland..	MD	24000	24	7.61	8.39	8.78	9.02	9.45	9.73	9.91	10.11	10.71	11.19	11.57	11.92	12.50	12.83	13.15	13.49	13.73	14.14	14.31	14.60
Massachusetts..	MA	25000	25	6.51	7.01	7.58	8.01	8.50	9.00	9.24	9.77	10.40	10.87	11.39	11.81	12.15	12.36	12.59	12.79	13.05	13.42	13.80	14.24
Michigan..	MI	26000	26	9.52	10.53	11.18	11.62	12.18	12.64	12.80	12.97	13.31	13.51	13.86	14.52	14.81	15.36	16.13	16.31	16.67	17.18	17.61	18.33
Minnesota..	MN	27000	27	7.61	8.40	9.11	9.56	9.75	10.05	10.20	10.37	10.59	10.95	11.23	11.52	11.92	12.23	12.58	12.79	13.16	13.63	13.92	14.35
Mississippi..	MS	28000	28	5.44	6.01	6.41	6.70	6.95	7.22	7.46	7.59	7.83	8.03	8.37	8.67	8.91	9.16	9.41	9.76	10.18	10.41	10.73	11.18
Missouri..	MO	29000	29	7.26	7.90	8.46	8.89	9.32	9.57	9.83	10.00	10.24	10.49	10.74	10.86	11.24	11.55	11.77	12.17	12.57	12.98	13.38	13.93
Montana..	MT	30000	30	8.78	9.09	9.86	10.42	10.74	10.95	10.94	10.61	10.68	11.15	11.51	11.57	12.18	12.40	12.49	12.94	13.00	13.29	13.76	14.18
Nebraska..	NE	31000	31	7.38	8.01	8.47	8.75	8.93	9.02	9.26	9.33	9.38	9.53	9.66	9.84	10.22	10.46	10.94	11.19	11.51	12.10	12.32	12.77
Nevada..	NV	32000	32	7.72	8.42	8.80	9.02	9.12	9.15	9.36	9.76	10.08	10.33	11.05	11.04	11.55	11.65	11.83	12.62	13.59	14.17	14.42	13.92
New Hampshire..	NH	33000	33	5.87	6.41	6.94	7.38	7.85	8.39	8.77	9.29	9.97	10.37	10.83	10.84	11.22	11.62	11.74	11.94	12.23	12.55	12.79	13.17
New Jersey..	NJ	34000	34	7.31	8.05	8.66	9.11	9.50	9.86	10.12	10.40	10.86	11.17	11.76	12.17	12.57	12.98	13.36	13.56	13.85	14.24	14.58	15.07
New Mexico..	NM	35000	35	5.79	6.54	7.22	7.62	7.97	8.41	8.75	8.74	8.87	8.74	9.04	9.40	9.68	9.74	10.13	10.68	10.99	11.74	12.47	12.56
New York..	NY	36000	36	7.18	7.84	8.35	8.84	9.22	9.67	9.92	10.09	10.43	10.67	11.11	11.43	11.72	11.97	12.19	12.50	12.78	13.19	13.47	13.86
North Carolina..	NC	37000	37	5.37	5.94	6.35	6.68	7.01	7.29	7.54	7.84	8.12	8.42	8.79	9.19	9.49	9.81	10.19	10.56	10.97	11.41	11.84	12.32
North Dakota..	ND	38000	38	6.56	7.12	7.50	7.74	7.86	8.05	8.19	8.43	8.36	8.80	9.27	9.25	9.60	9.86	10.19	10.75	10.95	11.29	11.40	11.93
Ohio..	OH	39000	39	8.57	9.53	10.07	10.56	10.96	11.38	11.56	11.73	12.00	12.26	12.64	13.12	13.49	14.05	14.40	14.42	14.70	15.30	15.79	16.26
Oklahoma..	OK	40000	40	7.36	8.20	8.69	9.21	9.64	9.86	9.80	10.14	10.35	10.48	10.73	11.09	11.38	11.42	11.42	11.52	11.78	12.36	12.61	12.69
Oregon..	OR	41000	41	8.65	9.47	10.02	10.24	10.44	10.50	10.57	10.56	10.60	10.81	11.15	11.53	11.97	12.18	12.31	12.75	13.01	13.39	14.07	14.61
Pennsylvania..	PA	42000	42	7.59	8.30	8.63	8.95	9.28	9.57	9.74	9.98	10.33	10.66	11.04	11.46	11.78	12.11	12.49	12.81	13.40	13.78	14.06	14.18
Rhode Island..	RI	44000	44	5.59	6.10	6.61	6.92	7.23	7.59	7.90	8.20	8.64	9.06	9.45	9.73	9.92	10.20	10.35	10.62	10.95	11.31	11.61	11.98
South Carolina..	SC	45000	45	5.59	6.18	6.68	7.03	7.28	7.61	7.92	8.10	8.30	8.54	8.84	9.17	9.48	9.80	10.00	10.16	10.25	10.35	10.52	10.67
South Dakota..	SD	46000	46	6.50	7.12	7.36	7.28	7.15	7.43	7.75	7.92	8.09	8.30	8.48	8.79	8.84	8.89	9.19	9.36	9.59	9.96	10.22	10.58
Tennessee..	TN	47000	47	6.08	6.72	7.16	7.49	7.93	8.29	8.58	8.78	8.96	9.22	9.55	9.92	10.13	10.33	10.50	10.78	11.30	11.71	12.06	12.50
Texas..	TX	48000	48	7.15	7.95	8.60	8.88	9.04	9.41	9.65	9.85	9.97	10.25	10.47	10.84	10.92	11.02	11.13	11.47	11.81	12.03	12.14	12.26
Utah..	UT	49000	49	7.02	7.74	8.40	8.71	8.95	9.64	9.98	9.96	10.11	10.14	10.32	10.77	11.09	11.10	11.28	11.62	12.21	12.85	13.07	13.38
Vermont..	VT	50000	50	6.14	6.79	7.35	7.66	8.03	8.41	8.83	9.12	9.47	9.99	10.52	11.00	11.52	12.09	11.96	12.21	12.42	12.70	13.03	13.65
Virginia..	VA	51000	51	6.22	6.84	7.37	7.78	8.12	8.51	8.83	9.14	9.37	9.69	10.07	10.43	10.62	10.85	11.24	11.72	12.19	12.51	12.90	13.37
Washington..	WA	53000	53	(NA)	10.44	11.23	11.41	(NA)	11.63	11.65	11.73	11.90	12.12	12.61	13.13	13.59	14.01	14.86	14.73	14.73	15.16	15.76	16.14
West Virginia..	WV	54000	54	8.08	8.80	9.40	9.74	9.93	10.24	10.38	10.55	10.81	11.17	11.53	11.77	12.11	12.27	12.60	12.64	12.96	13.17	13.72	14.09
Wisconsin..	WI	55000	55	8.03	8.80	9.37	9.78	10.03	10.26	10.35	10.55	10.61	10.77	11.11	11.47	11.85	12.17	12.41	12.76	13.14	13.66	14.02	14.51
Wyoming..	WY	56000	56	7.01	7.89	8.62	8.72	8.86	9.64	9.68	9.75	10.27	10.58	10.83	10.98	11.10	11.53	11.79	11.96	13.17	14.54	14.93	15.40

PERCENT OF U.S. AVERAGE

United States..	US	00000	00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Alabama..	AL	01000	01	89.27	87.73	86.34	85.84	86.82	88.89	88.80	88.40	87.83	86.83	86.70	86.94	87.17	88.16	89.06	90.06	90.38	90.05	89.77	90.08
Alaska.	AK	02000	02	140.58	142.93	138.28	139.75	133.44	127.78	119.42	118.97	117.57	114.60	115.05	101.97	93.80	94.89	90.80	88.92	87.17	89.45	82.21	86.99
Arizona..	AZ	04000	04	100.28	100.38	102.83	101.81	99.02	99.37	101.54	100.61	96.66	94.66	94.28	95.71	95.64	94.21	92.54	90.22	89.91	88.61	90.21	91.23
Arkansas..	AR	05000	05	78.54	78.35	78.80	79.84	79.63	79.35	79.75	79.52	79.20	78.82	78.58	78.80	78.97	79.73	79.95	81.24	81.46	81.85	82.43	83.03
California..	CA	06000	06	105.91	107.13	108.83	107.81	106.43	106.08	106.47	108.48	105.99	106.49	106.00	106.17	106.37	105.45	103.07	101.46	100.47	100.53	101.26	100.29
Colorado..	CO	08000	08	104.95	103.63	101.65	101.59	100.65	99.79	100.92	101.41	101.86	99.62	101.02	101.34	98.78	102.30	101.57	101.13	100.39	101.06	101.85	101.94
Connecticut..	CT	09000	09	97.39	95.99	96.94	99.21	100.44	100.31	103.49	105.55	105.79	106.97	106.46	107.25	108.73	110.82	112.10	110.83	109.62	109.79	109.93	110.21
Delaware..	DE	10000	10	104.26	103.63	101.77	103.40	101.31	103.35	103.29	107.67	112.76	117.94	114.40	109.12	107.77	113.20	115.33	114.79	109.70	112.45	113.86	114.52
District of Columbia ¹.	DC	11000	11	116.37	111.14	110.37	110.42	110.02	109.85	106.89	108.27	108.93	112.50	115.51	116.73	114.92	112.27	111.52	110.43	107.04	106.68	107.41	109.71
Florida..	FL	12000	12	82.26	81.73	82.69	83.01	83.01	82.39	82.43	82.34	82.34	82.73	82.92	83.18	83.68	83.13	82.60	82.30	82.55	83.14	84.73	85.05
Georgia..	GA	13000	13	79.37	79.72	79.51	80.75	82.57	84.91	85.82	85.67	84.89	84.64	84.67	85.51	86.04	85.95	85.67	86.58	87.56	88.38	89.18	89.86
Hawaii..	HI	15000	15	93.95	94.24	93.88	93.20	90.96	90.67	91.06	93.84	96.57	98.95	101.48	101.88	101.31	102.04	101.24	103.64	100.08	99.54	97.55	96.91
Idaho..	ID	16000	16	103.85	103.00	101.53	96.15	101.74	98.64	99.28	98.39	98.14	97.42	97.88	99.37	99.65	101.19	98.43	92.64	95.07	94.61	94.89	96.33
Illinois..	IL	17000	17	110.32	111.51	109.66	109.85	109.80	108.70	109.66	109.49	107.75	106.97	105.63	104.47	103.32	102.56	101.49	102.18	101.96	101.37	101.93	101.01
Indiana..	IN	18000	18	116.78	(NA)	(NA)	114.38	113.83	#��!	111.10	#��!	#��!	111.64	111.08	111.18	111.61	112.18	112.26	112.45	112.13	112.30	110.97	109.71
Iowa..	IA	19000	19	119.26	120.15	117.90	114.27	111.66	108.18	106.37	107.16	103.63	103.24	104.06	103.94	104.01	104.09	103.15	102.91	102.74	103.04	103.11	102.08
Kansas..	KS	20000	20	101.38	100.75	103.65	105.10	102.40	99.06	100.31	100.61	100.49	101.91	101.02	100.54	101.22	102.13	100.66	100.16	100.78	102.13	102.59	103.81
Kentucky..	KY	21000	21	100.96	98.37	98.70	99.55	101.09	99.90	101.34	101.11	99.71	98.95	98.80	98.39	98.43	97.70	97.85	98.79	99.37	100.00	102.45	102.52
Louisiana..	LA	22000	22	106.46	107.38	110.48	110.87	109.59	109.33	108.94	109.99	107.36	106.20	107.20	106.08	106.37	107.84	108.62	108.57	106.81	107.37	108.45	109.20
Maine..	ME	23000	23	82.53	83.35	85.04	86.18	87.69	88.05	88.90	88.50	91.36	94.66	97.78	99.11	99.48	99.06	98.67	100.16	99.45	99.62	100.00	100.43
Maryland..	MD	24000	24	104.68	105.01	103.42	102.15	102.94	101.99	101.85	102.02	105.10	106.77	106.83	106.62	109.08	109.28	108.95	109.05	107.43	107.37	106.08	104.96
Massachusetts..	MA	25000	25	89.55	87.73	89.28	90.71	92.59	94.34	94.96	98.59	102.06	103.72	105.17	105.64	106.02	105.28	104.31	103.40	102.11	101.90	102.30	102.37
Michigan..	MI	26000	26	130.95	131.79	131.68	131.60	132.68	132.49	131.55	130.88	130.62	128.91	127.98	129.87	129.23	130.83	133.64	131.85	130.44	130.45	130.54	131.78
Minnesota..	MN	27000	27	104.68	105.13	107.30	108.27	106.21	105.35	104.83	104.64	103.93	104.48	103.69	103.04	104.01	104.17	104.23	103.40	102.97	103.49	103.19	103.16
Mississippi..	MS	28000	28	74.83	75.22	75.50	75.88	75.71	75.68	76.67	76.59	76.84	76.62	77.29	77.55	77.75	78.02	77.96	78.90	79.66	79.04	79.54	80.37
Missouri..	MO	29000	29	99.86	98.87	99.65	100.68	101.53	100.31	101.03	100.91	100.49	100.10	99.17	97.14	98.08	98.38	97.51	98.38	98.36	98.56	99.18	100.14
Montana..	MT	30000	30	120.77	113.77	116.14	118.01	116.99	114.78	112.44	107.06	104.81	106.39	106.28	103.49	106.28	105.62	103.48	104.61	101.72	100.91	102.00	101.94
Nebraska..	NE	31000	31	101.51	100.25	99.76	99.09	97.28	94.55	95.17	94.15	92.05	90.94	89.20	88.01	89.18	89.10	90.64	90.46	90.06	91.88	91.33	91.80
Nevada..	NV	32000	32	106.19	105.38	103.65	102.15	99.35	95.91	96.20	98.49	98.92	98.57	102.03	98.75	100.79	99.23	98.01	102.02	106.34	107.59	106.89	100.07
New Hampshire..	NH	33000	33	80.74	80.23	81.74	83.58	85.51	87.95	90.13	93.74	97.84	98.95	100.00	96.96	97.91	98.98	97.27	96.52	95.70	95.29	94.81	94.68
New Jersey..	NJ	34000	34	100.55	100.75	102.00	103.17	103.49	103.35	104.01	104.94	106.58	106.58	108.59	108.86	109.69	110.56	110.69	109.62	108.37	108.12	108.08	108.34
New Mexico..	NM	35000	35	79.64	81.85	85.04	86.30	86.82	88.16	89.93	88.19	87.05	83.40	83.47	84.08	84.47	82.96	83.93	86.34	85.99	89.14	92.44	90.29
New York..	NY	36000	36	98.76	98.12	98.35	100.11	100.44	101.36	101.95	101.82	102.36	101.81	102.59	102.24	102.27	101.96	100.99	101.05	100.00	100.15	99.85	99.64
North Carolina..	NC	37000	37	73.87	74.34	74.79	75.65	76.36	76.42	77.49	79.11	79.69	80.34	81.16	82.20	82.81	83.56	84.42	85.37	85.84	86.64	87.77	88.57
North Dakota..	ND	38000	38	90.23	89.11	88.34	87.66	85.62	84.38	84.17	85.07	82.04	83.97	85.60	82.74	83.77	83.99	84.42	86.90	85.68	85.73	84.51	85.77
Ohio..	OH	39000	39	117.88	119.27	118.61	119.59	119.39	119.29	118.81	118.37	117.76	116.98	116.71	117.35	117.71	119.68	119.30	116.57	115.02	116.17	117.05	116.89
Oklahoma..	OK	40000	40	101.24	102.63	102.36	104.30	105.01	103.35	100.72	102.32	101.57	100.00	99.08	99.19	99.30	97.27	94.61	93.13	92.18	93.85	93.48	91.23
Oregon..	OR	41000	41	118.98	118.52	118.02	115.97	113.73	110.06	108.63	106.56	104.02	103.15	102.95	103.13	104.45	103.75	101.99	103.07	101.80	101.67	104.30	105.03
Pennsylvania..	PA	42000	42	104.40	103.88	101.65	101.36	101.09	100.31	100.10	100.71	101.37	101.72	101.94	102.50	102.79	103.15	103.48	103.56	104.85	104.63	104.23	101.94
Rhode Island..	RI	44000	44	76.89	76.35	77.86	78.37	78.76	79.56	81.19	82.74	84.79	86.45	87.26	87.03	86.56	86.88	85.75	85.85	85.68	85.88	86.06	86.13
South Carolina..	SC	45000	45	76.89	77.35	78.68	79.61	79.30	79.77	81.40	81.74	81.45	81.49	81.63	82.02	82.72	83.48	82.85	82.13	80.20	78.59	77.98	76.71
South Dakota..	SD	46000	46	89.41	89.11	86.69	82.45	77.89	77.88	79.65	79.92	79.39	79.20	78.30	78.62	77.14	75.72	76.14	75.67	75.04	75.63	75.76	76.06
Tennessee..	TN	47000	47	83.63	84.11	84.33	84.82	86.38	86.90	88.18	88.60	87.93	87.98	88.18	88.73	88.39	87.99	86.99	87.15	88.42	88.91	89.40	89.86
Texas..	TX	48000	48	98.35	99.50	101.30	100.57	98.47	98.64	99.18	99.39	97.84	97.81	96.68	96.96	95.29	93.87	92.21	92.72	92.41	91.34	89.99	88.14
Utah..	UT	49000	49	96.56	96.87	98.94	98.64	97.49	101.05	102.57	100.50	99.21	96.76	95.29	96.33	96.77	94.55	93.45	93.94	95.54	97.57	96.89	96.19
Vermont..	VT	50000	50	84.46	84.98	86.57	86.75	87.47	88.16	90.75	92.03	92.93	95.32	97.14	98.39	100.52	102.98	99.09	98.71	97.18	96.43	96.59	98.13
Virginia..	VA	51000	51	85.56	85.61	86.81	88.11	88.45	89.20	90.75	92.23	91.95	92.46	92.98	93.29	92.67	92.42	93.12	94.75	95.38	94.99	95.63	96.12
Washington..	WA	53000	53	(NA)	130.66	132.27	129.22	(NA)	121.91	119.73	118.37	116.78	115.65	116.44	117.44	118.59	119.34	123.12	119.08	115.26	115.11	116.83	116.03
West Virginia..	WV	54000	54	111.14	110.14	110.72	110.31	108.17	107.34	106.68	106.46	106.08	106.58	106.46	105.28	105.67	104.51	104.39	102.18	101.41	100.00	101.70	101.29
Wisconsin..	WI	55000	55	110.45	110.14	110.37	110.76	109.26	107.55	106.37	106.46	104.12	102.77	102.59	102.59	103.40	103.66	102.82	103.15	102.82	103.72	103.93	104.31
Wyoming..	WY	56000	56	96.42	98.75	101.53	98.75	96.51	101.05	99.49	98.39	100.79	100.95	100.00	98.21	96.86	98.21	97.68	96.69	103.05	110.40	110.67	110.71

NA Not available.
1 Washington PMSA (primary metropolitan statistical area).

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, May 1999 issue and earlier issues.

http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm

* CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS SURVEY

BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey to collect data each month on employment, hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). In early 1996, this sample included over 390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable industry and geographic detail are prepared and published each month. The employment data include series on all employees, women workers, and production or nonsupervisory workers. Hours and earnings data include average weekly hours, average weekly overtime hours, and average hourly and weekly earnings.

* Employment

Employment is the total number of persons employed full or part time in nonfarm establishments during a specified payroll period. Temporary employees are included. In general, data refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employment data from business establishments. National employment figures for Federal Government establishments, however, represent the number of persons who were paid for the last full pay period of the calendar month except for the Department of Defense, which reports the number of civilian employees on the payroll the last day of the month; intermittent Federal Government workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.

Workers on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the employer); on paid holiday or vacation; or who work during only a part of the specified pay period, even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the pay period, are all counted as employed. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment during the pay period are counted in each establishment which reports them, whether the duplication is due to turnover or dual jobholding. Persons are considered employed if they receive pay for any part of the specified pay period, but they are not considered employed if they receive no pay at all for the pay period. Since proprietors, the self-employed, and unpaid family workers do not have the status of paid employees, they are not included. Also excluded from the employed are domestic workers in households; persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire pay period; and persons who were hired but have not yet started work during the pay period.

Data are collected for production workers in manufacturing and mining industries. In manufacturing, this group covers employees, up through the level of working supervisors, who engage directly in the manufacture of the establishment's product. Among those excluded from this category are persons in executive and managerial positions and persons engaged in activities such as accounting, sales, advertising, routine office work, professional and technical functions, and force-account construction. (Force-account construction is construction work performed by an establishment, primarily engaged in some business other than construction, for its own account and for use by its own employees.) Production workers in mining are defined in a similar manner.

Hours and earnings

The hours and earnings series are based on reports of gross payrolls and the corresponding paid hours for production workers, construction workers, or nonsupervisory workers. (See facsimile of BLS 790 C.) In private educational institutions, payroll data are for "all employees."

Aggregate payrolls include pay before deductions for Social Security, unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, salary reduction plans, bonds, and union dues. The payroll figures also include pay for overtime, shift premiums, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the employer to employees for the pay period reported. They exclude bonuses, commissions, and other lump-sum payments (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period or month), or other pay not earned in the pay period concerned (e.g., retroactive pay). Tips and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payments in kind are not included.

Total hours during the pay period include all hours worked (including overtime hours), hours paid for standby or reporting time, and equivalent hours for which employees received pay directly from the employer for sick leave, holidays, vacations, and other leave. Overtime or other premium pay hours are not converted to straight-time equivalent hours. The concept of total hours differs from scheduled hours or hours worked. The average weekly hours derived from the total hours reflect the effects of such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and strikes, as well as fluctuations in work schedules.

Overtime hours are hours worked for which premiums were paid because they were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Saturday and Sunday hours (or 6- and 7th-day hours) are included as overtime only if overtime premiums were paid. Holiday hours worked as overtime are not included unless they are paid for at more than the straight-time rate. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or similar types of premiums were paid are excluded from overtime hours. Overtime hours data are collected only from establishments in manufacturing industries.

Average hourly earnings series, derived by dividing gross payrolls by total hours, reflect the actual earnings of workers, including premium pay. They differ from wage rates, which are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. Average hourly earnings do not represent total labor costs per hour for the employer, because they exclude retroactive payments and irregular bonuses, employee benefits, and the employer's share of payroll taxes. Earnings for those employees not covered under the production worker and nonsupervisory categories are not reflected in the estimates. Industrial classification

Industrial classification refers to the grouping of reporting establishments into industries on the basis of their major product or activity as determined by the establishments' percentages of total sales or receipts for the previous calendar year. This information is collected as an administrative byproduct of the UI reporting system. All data for an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity are classified under the industry of the most important product or activity, based on the percentages reported.

Industries are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Office of Management and Budget.

*

http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/1232_average_hourly_earnings_of_production_workers.html

These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.

Copyright © 2006 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.