Coal and Coke--Summary statistics



Item	Unit	1970	1975	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999,
																							prel.

COAL

Production, total ¹.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	613	655	830	824	838	782	896	884	890	919	950	981	1,029	996	998	945	1,034	1,033	1,064	1,090	1,118	1,099
Value.............................................................................	Bil. dol.	3.88	12.67	20.45	21.75	22.84	20.32	22.94	22.27	21.18	21.20	20.97	21.40	22.39	21.40	20.98	18.77	20.06	19.45	19.68	19.77	19.75	19.42

Anthracite production.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	9.7	6.2	6.1	5.4	4.6	4.1	4.2	4.7	4.3	3.6	3.6	3.348	3.5	3.4	3.4	4.3	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.7	5.3	5.2
Bituminous coal and lignite	Mil. sh. tons	603	648	824	818	834	778	892	879	886	915	947	981	1,026	993	994	941	1,029	1,028	1,059	1,085	1,112	1,094

Underground.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	339	293	337	316	339	300	351	350	360	372	382	394	425	407	407	351	399	396	410	421	417	411
Surface.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	264	356	487	502	495	478	540	529	526	543	568	587	605	589	590	594	634	637	654	669	700	688

Exports.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	72	66	92	110	105	78	81	93	86	80	95	101	106	109	103	75	71	89	90	84	78	59
Imports.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	4	7	8	7	7	7	9	9

Consumption ³.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	523	563	703	733	707	737	791	818	804	837	884	890	896	888	892	926	930	941	1,006	1,029	1,039	1,041
Electric power utilities............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	320	406	569	597	594	625	664	694	685	718	758	767	774	772	800	814	817	829	875	900	911	897
Industrial.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	184	146	126	128	104	103	117	116	111	112	118	117	115	109	106	106	107	106	103	101	96	94

Number of mines.............................................................................	Number	5,601	6,168	5,598	5,569	5,363	4,265	4,902	4,547	4,203	3,894	3,462	3,429	3,243	2,846	2,746	2,475	2,354	2,104	1,903	1,828	1,726	(NA)
Daily employment.............................................................................	1,000	140	190	225	226	217	176	178	169	155	143	135	131	131	121	110	101	98	90	83	82	81	(NA)

Production, by State:
Alabama.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	21	23	26	25	27	24	27	28	26	26	27	28	29	27	26	25	23	25	25	24	23	20
Illinois.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	65	60	63	52	60	57	64	59	62	59	59	59	60	60	60	41	53	48	47	41	40	40
Indiana.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	22	25	31	29	32	32	38	33	33	34	31	34	36	32	31	29	31	26	30	35	37	34
Kentucky.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	125	144	150	158	150	131	160	152	154	164	158	167	173	159	161	156	162	154	152	156	150	139
Montana.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	3	22	30	34	28	29	33	33	34	34	39	38	38	38	39	36	42	39	38	41	43	41
Ohio.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	55	47	39	37	37	34	39	36	36	36	34	34	35	31	30	29	30	26	29	29	28	23
Pennsylvania.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	90	90	93	84	79	70	78	71	72	66	67	71	71	65	69	60	62	62	68	76	81	76
Virginia.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	35	36	41	42	40	35	40	41	41	44	46	43	47	42	43	39	37	34	36	36	34	32
West Virginia.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	144	109	122	113	129	115	131	128	130	136	145	154	169	167	162	131	162	163	170	174	171	156
Wyoming.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	7	24	95	103	108	112	131	141	137	147	164	172	184	194	190	210	237	264	278	282	314	335
Other States.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	44	76	140	148	149	144	156	162	166	173	181	183	187	180	188	189	195	192	192	195	196	203

World production.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	3,295	3,665	4,200	4,217	4,376	4,423	4,671	4,905	5,028	5,137	5,239	5,325	5,356	5,029	5,019	4,921	5,008	5,126	5,185	5,172	5,043	(NA)
Percent U.S. of world...................................	Percent	18.6	17.9	19.8	19.5	19.1	17.7	19.2	18.0	17.7	17.9	18.1	18.4	19.2	19.8	19.9	19.2	20.6	20.2	20.5	21.1	22.2	(NA)

COKE
Production ⁴.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	66.30	57.21	46.13	42.80	28.10	25.80	30.60	28.44	25.50	28.00	29.00	28.10	27.62	24.10	23.41	23.18	22.69	23.75	23.08	22.12	20.04	20.02
Imports.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	0.15	1.82	0.66	0.53	0.12	0.04	0.58	0.58	0.33	0.92	2.69	2.31	0.77	1.10	1.74	2.16	3.34	3.82	2.54	3.14	3.83	3.22
Exports.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	2.48	1.27	2.07	1.17	0.99	0.67	1.05	1.12	1.00	0.57	1.09	1.09	0.57	0.74	0.64	1.06	0.99	1.36	1.62	1.27	1.13	0.90
Consumption.............................................................................	Mil. sh. tons	63.21	53.69	41.28	44.05	25.78	29.85	29.74	29.06	24.73	27.65	30.02	28.93	27.82	24.22	24.80	24.70	25.56	25.90	23.97	24.02	23.03	22.44

NA Not available. Z Less than $500,000.
1 Includes bituminous coal, lignite, and anthracite.
2 All domestic production data for 1970 and 1975 are for mines producing 1,000 short tons or more per year; thereafter, data are for all mines.
3 Includes some categories not shown separately.
4 Includes beehive coke.

Source: 1970 and 1975, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook; thereafter, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review; International Energy Annual; Coal Industry, annual and Quarterly Coal Report.

http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html

* Definitions

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal; used primarily for residential and commercial space heating. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. The moisture content of fresh-mined anthracite generally is less than 15 percent. The heat content of anthracite ranges from 22 to 28 million Btu per short ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of anthracite coal consumed in the United States averages 25 million Btu per short ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter). Note: Since the 1980's, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for steam electric power generation. This fuel typically has a heat content of 15 million Btu per short ton or less.

Bituminous Coal: A dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke. Bituminous coal is the most abundant coal in active U.S. mining regions. Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of bituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 24 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Coal: A readily combustible black or brownish-black rock whose composition, including inherent moisture, consists of more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material. It is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time.

Coke (coal): A solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together. Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke from coal is grey, hard, and porous and has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton.

Lignite: The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It is brownish-black and has a high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of lignite consumed in the United States averages 13 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Subbituminous Coal: A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It may be dull, dark brown to black, soft and crumbly, at the lower end of the range, to bright, jet black, hard, and relatively strong, at the upper end. Subbituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight. The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. The heat content of subbituminous coal consumed in the United States averages 17 to 18 million Btu per ton, on the as-received basis (i.e., containing both inherent moisture and mineral matter).

Coal Exports: Amount of U.S. coal shipped to foreign destinations, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, "Monthly Report EM 545."

Coal Imports: Amount of foreign coal shipped to the United States, as reported in the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Monthly Report IM 145."

Number of Mines: The number of mines, or mines collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a particular geographic area (State or region). If a mine is mining coal across two counties within a State, or across two States, then it is counted as two operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by State and county.

Surface Mine: A coal mine that is usually within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth and rock above or around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation equipment such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. Surface mines include: area, contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine.

Underground Mine: A mine where coal is produced by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then mined with underground mining equipment such as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are classified according to the type of opening used to reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel). * Coal Surveys

Quarterly Coal Consumption Report - Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3)

Form EIA-3 is used to survey U.S. manufacturers that consume 1,000 tons or more of coal per year for all uses other than coke production. Data on manufacturers' coal stocks, receipts, prices, and consumption are reported.

In order to identify under-coverage problems, the data from this survey are compared with shipments to manufacturers reported on EIA's "Coal Distribution Report," Form EIA-6. At present, the coal receipts reported by manufacturers on Form EIA-3 cover approximately 99 percent of the coal shipments to manufacturers on Form EIA-6. Consequently, the coal consumption data gathered on the Form EIA-3 do not represent the total consumption at manufacturing plants.

Current year data from this survey are preliminary and unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report (DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue, any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied and the data are considered final.

The respondent list of manufacturers for Form EIA-3 is compared with lists of coal-consuming manufacturing plants from State Air Quality and Energy Offices. When new respondents are found, they are added to the survey mailing list. (View Form EIA-3 and instructions at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia-3.pdf)

Annual Coal Quality Report - Manufacturing Plants (Form EIA-3A)

Form EIA-3A contains questions on the origin of coal (State or country), the quantity of coal receipts, the Btu, sulfur and ash content of the coal receipts, and the basis used to determine the coal quality data. The threshold for the annual collection is manufacturing plants that consume in excess of 1,000 short tons of coal per year.(View Form EIA-3A and instructions at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia-3a.pdf)

Coke Plant Report (Form EIA-5)

Form EIA-5, a quarterly report of coal receipts, carbonization, and stocks, and of coke and breeze production, distribution, and stocks, is used to survey all U.S. coke plants. The respondent list for this survey is updated by continuous monitoring of the industry literature. Current year data from this survey are preliminary and unrevised in the January - March, April - June, and July - September issues of the Quarterly Coal Report (DOE/EIA-0121). In the October - December issue, any revisions necessary for the entire year are applied and the data are considered final. (View Form EIA-5 and instructions http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia-5.pdf)

Annual Coal Quality Report - Coke Plants (Form EIA-5A)

Form EIA-5A is an annual survey, which collects data on the origin of coal (State or country), the quantity of coal receipts, the volatile matter, sulfur and ash content, and the basis used to determine the coal quality data. There is no threshold for this form. Current year data from this survey are considered final in the Coal Industry Annual (DOE/EIA-0584). (View Form EIA-5A and instructions at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia5a.pdf)

Coal Distribution Report (Form EIA-6A)

Form EIA-6A is an annual survey of all U.S. companies (producers and/or distributors) that own or purchase and distribute more than 50,000 short tons of coal annually. For the States of Arkansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, and the anthracite portion of Pennsylvania, the threshold is 10,000 short tons annually. Data on coal production and purchases, distribution by consumer category, and method of transportation are reported. The data gathered on the Form EIA-6A represent only the domestic coal distributed; therefore, imported coal distributed during the year is not included.

The respondent list for this survey is updated by comparing it with lists of coal producers from the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. Also, new respondents are frequently identified on Form EIA-6A itself when other companies are named as sources of coal purchases. Current year data from this survey are considered final in the Coal Industry Annual (DOE/EIA-0584). (View Form EIA-6A and instructions at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia6.pdf)

Coal Production Report (Form EIA-7A)

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) began collecting annual coal production data on October 1, 1977. From 1977 through the 1997 data collection cycle, coal production and identification data were collected on Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report," from companies that produced, processed, or prepared coal. All other data collected on Form EIA-7A were reported for only those companies that owned a mining operation that produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 short tons or more of coal during the year and preparation plants with 5,000 or more employee hours. Data collected on this form included: coal reserves, coal disposition, value, direct labor hours, number of production days worked, average length of a production shift, average number of miners per shift, average number of shifts per day, and coal bed information (bed name, thickness, coal rank).

Beginning with the 1998 data collection cycle, Form EIA-7A was revised and is used to survey U.S. companies that owned a mining operation that produced, processed, or prepared 10,000 short tons or more of coal during the year and preparation plants with 5,000 or more employee hours. Companies with operations falling under these thresholds are not required to report; however, identification and production data are obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report." (See description below.) For mining operations within the threshold, Form EIA-7A collects data on identification, coal beds, reserves, capacity, disposition, and value. Coal production, number of miners and number of employee hours data for these mining operations are obtained from MSHA Form 7000-2. Data from the Form EIA-7A are considered final at the time of publication. (View Form EIA-7A: for mines only at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia7amine.pdf; for co-located mine and preparation plant/tipple at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia7atip.pdf; for preparation plant or other facility at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia7aprep.pdf; instructions at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/eia7ainst.pdf)

Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report (MSHA Form 7000-2)

MSHA Form 7000-2 is a quarterly survey of all mining operations in the United States. EIA, through a Cooperative Agreement with MSHA to reduce respondent burden, receives quarterly data on coal production, number of miners and number of employee hours reported for U.S. coal mines. The EIA and MSHA edit these data and incorporate updates reported by the mines during the reporting year. Data from this survey are reported by EIA as quarterly coal production data in the Quarterly Coal Report, and the data are considered by EIA to be final when published in the Coal Industry Annual.

*

http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/1183_coal_and_coke_summary.html

These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.

Copyright © 2006 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.